Women in the Civil Rights Movement
The Civil Rights Movement was a social movement in the U.S. that fought to end racial segregation and discrimination against African-Americans. While we continue to recognize the leaders of this movement and those who contributed, the men of the movement are far more celebrated and remembered than the women. In this informational text, Barrett Smith discusses the role that women played in the Civil Rights Movement.
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The Civil Rights Movement was a social movement in the U.S. that fought to end racial segregation and discrimination against African-Americans. While we continue to recognize the leaders of this movement and those who contributed, the men of the movement are far more celebrated and remembered than the women. In this informational text, Barrett Smith discusses the role that women played in the Civil Rights Movement.
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The Fearless Cook Who Fed the Movement
In Montgomery, Alabama in 1955, Civil Rights protesters refused to use the bus system as a means to challenge the segregation laws in place on public transit. The campaign lasted from December 5, 1955 until December 20, 1956. In this informational text, Maria Godoy discusses Georgia Gilmore, a cook who contributed to the Civil Rights Movement, specifically the Montgomery Bus Boycott.
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In Montgomery, Alabama in 1955, Civil Rights protesters refused to use the bus system as a means to challenge the segregation laws in place on public transit. The campaign lasted from December 5, 1955 until December 20, 1956. In this informational text, Maria Godoy discusses Georgia Gilmore, a cook who contributed to the Civil Rights Movement, specifically the Montgomery Bus Boycott.
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Emmett Till
Emmett Louis Till (1941-1955) was a fourteen-year-old African-American boy from Chicago who was lynched in Mississippi after reportedly flirting with a white woman, Carolyn Bryant. "Lynching" refers to killing someone for an alleged offense with or without a legal trial, and the act is often linked to angry mobs and race. The injustice of his murder inspired many in the Civil Rights Movement. In a book published in 2017, Bryant said she made up her original accusations, sparking further discussion around Till's death and legacy.
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Emmett Louis Till (1941-1955) was a fourteen-year-old African-American boy from Chicago who was lynched in Mississippi after reportedly flirting with a white woman, Carolyn Bryant. "Lynching" refers to killing someone for an alleged offense with or without a legal trial, and the act is often linked to angry mobs and race. The injustice of his murder inspired many in the Civil Rights Movement. In a book published in 2017, Bryant said she made up her original accusations, sparking further discussion around Till's death and legacy.
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Malcolm X
Malcolm X was an African-American Muslim minister and Civil Rights activist. His contributions to the Civil Rights Movement and the enthusiasm with which he pursued rights for African-Americans continues to be admired today. In this informational text, Barrett Smith discusses Malcolm X's life and his various contributions to the Civil Rights Movement.
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Malcolm X was an African-American Muslim minister and Civil Rights activist. His contributions to the Civil Rights Movement and the enthusiasm with which he pursued rights for African-Americans continues to be admired today. In this informational text, Barrett Smith discusses Malcolm X's life and his various contributions to the Civil Rights Movement.
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Before Rosa Parks There Was Claudette Colvin
Rosa Parks is well-known for her refusal to give up her seat to a white person on a bus in Alabama. A famous bus boycott followed because of her act of protest. However, Parks was not the first person to refuse to give up her seat. In this informational text, Margot Adler discusses the lesser known actions of Claudette Colvin and why her activism has gone unnoticed in comparison to Parks.
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Rosa Parks is well-known for her refusal to give up her seat to a white person on a bus in Alabama. A famous bus boycott followed because of her act of protest. However, Parks was not the first person to refuse to give up her seat. In this informational text, Margot Adler discusses the lesser known actions of Claudette Colvin and why her activism has gone unnoticed in comparison to Parks.
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Miranda Rights: You Have the Right to Remain Silent
Can your rights protect you if you don’t even know what they are? Supreme Court case Miranda v. Arizona answered that question by requiring police officers to read the “Miranda Rights” when making an arrest. This text will explain the court case, its impact on justice in America, and the details behind the phrase “you have the right to remain silent.”
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Can your rights protect you if you don’t even know what they are? Supreme Court case Miranda v. Arizona answered that question by requiring police officers to read the “Miranda Rights” when making an arrest. This text will explain the court case, its impact on justice in America, and the details behind the phrase “you have the right to remain silent.”
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The Scottsboro Boys
The trial of the Scottsboro Boys was a historic event in which nine black youths were wrongfully accused and convicted for a crime they didn’t commit. Occurring in 1931, the Scottsboro Boys’ trials sparked outrage and a demand for social change.
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The trial of the Scottsboro Boys was a historic event in which nine black youths were wrongfully accused and convicted for a crime they didn’t commit. Occurring in 1931, the Scottsboro Boys’ trials sparked outrage and a demand for social change.
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The Story of Ida B. Wells
Ida Bell Wells was an African-American journalist, editor, suffragist, sociologist, and an early leader in the Civil Rights Movement. The following is a short biography of Ida B. Wells and the personal tragedy she experienced that pushed her to raise national awareness about violence and discrimination against African-Americans.
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Ida Bell Wells was an African-American journalist, editor, suffragist, sociologist, and an early leader in the Civil Rights Movement. The following is a short biography of Ida B. Wells and the personal tragedy she experienced that pushed her to raise national awareness about violence and discrimination against African-Americans.
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Martin Luther King, Jr.
Martin Luther King, Jr. was an integral part of the Civil Rights Movement, a social movement in the U.S. that worked to end racial segregation and discrimination against African-Americans. King's contributions to this movement continue to be felt today and inspire others to combat inequality through nonviolence.
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Martin Luther King, Jr. was an integral part of the Civil Rights Movement, a social movement in the U.S. that worked to end racial segregation and discrimination against African-Americans. King's contributions to this movement continue to be felt today and inspire others to combat inequality through nonviolence.
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The Voting Rights Act of 1965
The signing of the Voting Rights Act of 1965 into law by President Lyndon B. Johnson was a landmark moment in the Civil Rights Movement of 1960s, which encompassed all social activism in the U.S. with the intent of ending racial segregation and discrimination against African-Americans. Burdened by a history of slavery and racial tensions, the U.S., and particularly the South, was the site of an intense struggle for equality and justice. Common forms of protest included boycotts, sit-ins, marches, and a wide range of other nonviolent demonstrations.
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The signing of the Voting Rights Act of 1965 into law by President Lyndon B. Johnson was a landmark moment in the Civil Rights Movement of 1960s, which encompassed all social activism in the U.S. with the intent of ending racial segregation and discrimination against African-Americans. Burdened by a history of slavery and racial tensions, the U.S., and particularly the South, was the site of an intense struggle for equality and justice. Common forms of protest included boycotts, sit-ins, marches, and a wide range of other nonviolent demonstrations.
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The Equal Rights Amendment
Gloria Steinem (1934-present) is an American feminist, journalist, author, and social-political activist. She gained national recognition as a leader of the “Second Wave” feminist movement in the 1960s-1970s. On May 6th, 1970, Gloria Steinem stood before the Senate and delivered the following speech, advocating for the Equal Rights Amendment (ERA); this amendment, which has not been ratified, secures that one’s rights “shall not be denied or abridged by the United States or by any State on account of sex”.
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Gloria Steinem (1934-present) is an American feminist, journalist, author, and social-political activist. She gained national recognition as a leader of the “Second Wave” feminist movement in the 1960s-1970s. On May 6th, 1970, Gloria Steinem stood before the Senate and delivered the following speech, advocating for the Equal Rights Amendment (ERA); this amendment, which has not been ratified, secures that one’s rights “shall not be denied or abridged by the United States or by any State on account of sex”.
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Opposition to the Women's Rights Movement
This piece, written anonymously - though it is suspected that John L. O’Sullivan (1813–1895) may have authored this text - was submitted to The Democratic Review in 1852. It was designed as a rebuttal to Dr. Dewey, who, in defense of women’s rights, denied Biblical justification for the subjugation of women to their husbands.
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This piece, written anonymously - though it is suspected that John L. O’Sullivan (1813–1895) may have authored this text - was submitted to The Democratic Review in 1852. It was designed as a rebuttal to Dr. Dewey, who, in defense of women’s rights, denied Biblical justification for the subjugation of women to their husbands.
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Susan B. Anthony
Susan B. Anthony was an American social reformer and women's rights activist who played a pivotal role in the movement to give women the right to vote. In this excerpt of an article published in The San Francisco Call, journalist Helen Dare interviews Susan B. Anthony and provides an analysis of her impact on society.
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Susan B. Anthony was an American social reformer and women's rights activist who played a pivotal role in the movement to give women the right to vote. In this excerpt of an article published in The San Francisco Call, journalist Helen Dare interviews Susan B. Anthony and provides an analysis of her impact on society.
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The Seneca Falls Convention
Elizabeth Cady Stanton (1815-1902) was a social activist and suffragist who played an important role in the early women’s rights movement. “The Declaration of Sentiments and Resolutions” is a document written by Stanton and signed by 68 women and 32 men at the Seneca Falls Convention, the first women’s rights convention. This number represents 100 people who signed the following document, out of a total of 300 people who were in attendance at the convention, showing how “The Declaration of Sentiments and Resolutions” was controversial in its time.
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Elizabeth Cady Stanton (1815-1902) was a social activist and suffragist who played an important role in the early women’s rights movement. “The Declaration of Sentiments and Resolutions” is a document written by Stanton and signed by 68 women and 32 men at the Seneca Falls Convention, the first women’s rights convention. This number represents 100 people who signed the following document, out of a total of 300 people who were in attendance at the convention, showing how “The Declaration of Sentiments and Resolutions” was controversial in its time.
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The Fight to Get the Vote
The suffrage movement of the late 1800s and early 1900s was women’s fight for the legal right to vote in the United States. This battle spanned over several decades, and it wasn’t until 1920 that women were granted the right to vote nationally with the Nineteenth Amendment. This newspaper article from The Barre Daily Times discusses the various women involved in the suffrage moment, including those who opposed it, as well as the movement's progression over the years.
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The suffrage movement of the late 1800s and early 1900s was women’s fight for the legal right to vote in the United States. This battle spanned over several decades, and it wasn’t until 1920 that women were granted the right to vote nationally with the Nineteenth Amendment. This newspaper article from The Barre Daily Times discusses the various women involved in the suffrage moment, including those who opposed it, as well as the movement's progression over the years.
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Ain't I A Woman?
Sojourner Truth (1797-1883) was an African American women’s rights activist and abolitionist who fought to end slavery. Truth was born into slavery but escaped to freedom in 1826. “Ain’t I a Woman?” is her most famous speech, which she delivered without preparation at the Ohio Women’s Rights Convention in 1851. Two versions of Truth’s speech exist today. The original version of the speech, which appears below, was transcribed by an attendant of Truth’s speech, Marius Robinson. Truth collaborated with Robinson on the transcription before it was published. The second version, which is viewed as an inaccurate representation of Truth’s speech, was transcribed by Frances Dana Gage who did not collaborate with Truth before its publication in 1863 and 1881.
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Sojourner Truth (1797-1883) was an African American women’s rights activist and abolitionist who fought to end slavery. Truth was born into slavery but escaped to freedom in 1826. “Ain’t I a Woman?” is her most famous speech, which she delivered without preparation at the Ohio Women’s Rights Convention in 1851. Two versions of Truth’s speech exist today. The original version of the speech, which appears below, was transcribed by an attendant of Truth’s speech, Marius Robinson. Truth collaborated with Robinson on the transcription before it was published. The second version, which is viewed as an inaccurate representation of Truth’s speech, was transcribed by Frances Dana Gage who did not collaborate with Truth before its publication in 1863 and 1881.
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Address to Congress on Women's Suffrage
Until the early 20th Century, women in America were denied suffrage (the right to vote) in political elections. It wasn’t until June 4, 1919 that Congress passed the 19th Amendment, which granted women their right to vote. Carrie Chapman Catt (1859-1947) campaigned for the 19th Amendment, and was considered a leader among women’s suffrage. In the following address to Congress in November 1917, Catt argues for the rights of women.
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Until the early 20th Century, women in America were denied suffrage (the right to vote) in political elections. It wasn’t until June 4, 1919 that Congress passed the 19th Amendment, which granted women their right to vote. Carrie Chapman Catt (1859-1947) campaigned for the 19th Amendment, and was considered a leader among women’s suffrage. In the following address to Congress in November 1917, Catt argues for the rights of women.
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The Women Behind the U.S. Space Race
Beginning in 1955 and heating up during the 1960s, the U.S. and the Soviet Union competed in the Space Race, a race to determine who would achieve superiority in spaceflight. The following text describes some of the people who made significant contributions to this race and who were, until recently, hidden from popular history.
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Beginning in 1955 and heating up during the 1960s, the U.S. and the Soviet Union competed in the Space Race, a race to determine who would achieve superiority in spaceflight. The following text describes some of the people who made significant contributions to this race and who were, until recently, hidden from popular history.
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For MLK Adviser, Fulfilling the Dream "Cannot Wait"
On August 28, 1963, approximately 250,000 people participated in the March on Washington for Jobs and Freedom. It was at this event where Martin Luther King, Jr. delivered his famous, “I Have a Dream” speech. In this special series from NPR’s Morning Edition, reporter Michelle Norris looks back on this important moment in civil rights history.
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On August 28, 1963, approximately 250,000 people participated in the March on Washington for Jobs and Freedom. It was at this event where Martin Luther King, Jr. delivered his famous, “I Have a Dream” speech. In this special series from NPR’s Morning Edition, reporter Michelle Norris looks back on this important moment in civil rights history.
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African-American Suffragists
In the U.S., women didn’t have the right to vote until the 19th amendment, which was passed in 1920. Until the law was passed, women fought tirelessly for the right to vote. These women were known as suffragists. In this informational text, Margaret Gushue discusses the African American suffragists who contributed to the fight for women’s right to vote.
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In the U.S., women didn’t have the right to vote until the 19th amendment, which was passed in 1920. Until the law was passed, women fought tirelessly for the right to vote. These women were known as suffragists. In this informational text, Margaret Gushue discusses the African American suffragists who contributed to the fight for women’s right to vote.
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Women Who Spoke Up
In this informational text, Andrew Matthews discusses women throughout American history who fought to be a part of change.
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In this informational text, Andrew Matthews discusses women throughout American history who fought to be a part of change.
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The Sit-In Movement
The Civil Rights Movement was a social movement in the U.S. during which activists attempted to end racial segregation and discrimination against African-Americans. This movement employed several different types of protests.
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The Civil Rights Movement was a social movement in the U.S. during which activists attempted to end racial segregation and discrimination against African-Americans. This movement employed several different types of protests.
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The Showdown in Little Rock
This informational text discusses the Little Rock Nine, a group of nine exemplary black students chosen to be the first African-Americans to enroll in an all-white high school in the capital of Arkansas, Little Rock. Arkansas was a deeply segregated southern state in 1954 when the Supreme Court ruled that segregation in public schools was unconstitutional. The Little Rock Crisis in 1957 details how citizens in favor of segregation tried to prevent the integration of the Little Rock Nine into a white high school.
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This informational text discusses the Little Rock Nine, a group of nine exemplary black students chosen to be the first African-Americans to enroll in an all-white high school in the capital of Arkansas, Little Rock. Arkansas was a deeply segregated southern state in 1954 when the Supreme Court ruled that segregation in public schools was unconstitutional. The Little Rock Crisis in 1957 details how citizens in favor of segregation tried to prevent the integration of the Little Rock Nine into a white high school.
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Rosa Parks & The Montgomery Bus Boycott
The Civil Rights Movement fought to end racial segregation and discrimination against African-Americans in the U.S. The small moments of resistance by ordinary citizens is what created the foundation for this revolution.
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The Civil Rights Movement fought to end racial segregation and discrimination against African-Americans in the U.S. The small moments of resistance by ordinary citizens is what created the foundation for this revolution.
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The 16th Street Baptist Church Bombing
In the 1950s and 1960s the American people, backed by Civil Rights leaders like Martin Luther King Jr., were speaking out against racial inequality and discrimination. In 1954, the Supreme Court ruled the separation of black and white children at school as unlawful in the Brown v. Board of Education case. While the ruling was met with resistance in many Southern white communities, many African-Americans saw the case as a stepping stone to ending other racial inequality problems, and it eventually sparked a series of non-violent protests carried out by black communities that would continue for over a decade. The protests triggered outrage among police and many white community members, and soon some areas (mainly in the South) were experiencing frequent crime and violence on both sides.
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In the 1950s and 1960s the American people, backed by Civil Rights leaders like Martin Luther King Jr., were speaking out against racial inequality and discrimination. In 1954, the Supreme Court ruled the separation of black and white children at school as unlawful in the Brown v. Board of Education case. While the ruling was met with resistance in many Southern white communities, many African-Americans saw the case as a stepping stone to ending other racial inequality problems, and it eventually sparked a series of non-violent protests carried out by black communities that would continue for over a decade. The protests triggered outrage among police and many white community members, and soon some areas (mainly in the South) were experiencing frequent crime and violence on both sides.
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The Black Power Movement
This informational text discusses how the Black Power movement of the 1960s and 1970s emerged as a major political force following the Civil Rights Movement. While the Civil Rights Movement helped end legal segregation in America, the Black Power movement sought to end the economic and social inequality that African-Americans continued to face.
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This informational text discusses how the Black Power movement of the 1960s and 1970s emerged as a major political force following the Civil Rights Movement. While the Civil Rights Movement helped end legal segregation in America, the Black Power movement sought to end the economic and social inequality that African-Americans continued to face.
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How Jackie Robinson Changed Baseball
Jackie Robinson was a professional baseball player and the first African-American to play in the Major Leagues. This informational text discusses Robinson's life and accomplishments, and the impact his role in baseball had on the Civil Rights Movement.
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Jackie Robinson was a professional baseball player and the first African-American to play in the Major Leagues. This informational text discusses Robinson's life and accomplishments, and the impact his role in baseball had on the Civil Rights Movement.
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JFK's Inaugural Address
John F. Kennedy (1917-1963) served as the 35th President of the United States from January 1961 until his assassination in November 1963. When he took the Oath of Office on Jan. 20, 1961, he delivered one of the shortest inaugural addresses in history—and the first to be delivered to home viewers via color television. Kennedy assumed the presidency at the height of the Cold War, a topic he alludes to heavily in his speech, and one that would end up defining his short presidency.
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John F. Kennedy (1917-1963) served as the 35th President of the United States from January 1961 until his assassination in November 1963. When he took the Oath of Office on Jan. 20, 1961, he delivered one of the shortest inaugural addresses in history—and the first to be delivered to home viewers via color television. Kennedy assumed the presidency at the height of the Cold War, a topic he alludes to heavily in his speech, and one that would end up defining his short presidency.
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JFK's "Race to Space" Speech
John F. Kennedy (1917-1963) served as 35th President of the United States. He was President during the Cuban Missile Crisis, the Civil Rights Movement, and the beginning of the U.S. involvement in the Vietnam War. Kennedy was assassinated on November 22, 1963. He delivered this speech about space to a large audience at Rice University in Houston, Texas on September 12, 1962. A year earlier, a Russian had become the first human to orbit the Earth. By 1969, Americans succeeded in being the first to walk on the moon.
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John F. Kennedy (1917-1963) served as 35th President of the United States. He was President during the Cuban Missile Crisis, the Civil Rights Movement, and the beginning of the U.S. involvement in the Vietnam War. Kennedy was assassinated on November 22, 1963. He delivered this speech about space to a large audience at Rice University in Houston, Texas on September 12, 1962. A year earlier, a Russian had become the first human to orbit the Earth. By 1969, Americans succeeded in being the first to walk on the moon.
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Jackie Kennedy Onassis: An Icon For the Ages
Jackie Kennedy Onassis (1929-1994) was the former First Lady of the United States. She was married to John F. Kennedy, the 35th President of the United States, who was assassinated in 1963. This informational text discusses Jackie's life and time as First Lady.
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Jackie Kennedy Onassis (1929-1994) was the former First Lady of the United States. She was married to John F. Kennedy, the 35th President of the United States, who was assassinated in 1963. This informational text discusses Jackie's life and time as First Lady.
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The Berlin Wall
This article explains how, for three decades, the Berlin Wall stood as a symbol of the Cold War, separating families and forcing a comparison between socialist and capitalist ideals. When the wall came down in 1989, the process of German reunification was more complicated than simply re-drawing boundaries.
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This article explains how, for three decades, the Berlin Wall stood as a symbol of the Cold War, separating families and forcing a comparison between socialist and capitalist ideals. When the wall came down in 1989, the process of German reunification was more complicated than simply re-drawing boundaries.
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German Man Receives Contest Prize 45 Years Later
In 2014, a German man named Gunter Zettl was told that he had won a radio contest 45 years earlier, at a time when his country was in political turmoil.
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In 2014, a German man named Gunter Zettl was told that he had won a radio contest 45 years earlier, at a time when his country was in political turmoil.
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Cold War Rivals: Cuba and the U.S.
As of the early 2000s, steps have been taken to normalize the relationship between the U.S. and Cuba, and thus thaw the lingering 50-plus years of Cold War tensions. The following article covers Cuba’s participation in the Cold War, focusing on the rise of its former leader Fidel Castro.
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As of the early 2000s, steps have been taken to normalize the relationship between the U.S. and Cuba, and thus thaw the lingering 50-plus years of Cold War tensions. The following article covers Cuba’s participation in the Cold War, focusing on the rise of its former leader Fidel Castro.
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The Daisy Girl Ad
In the 1964 Presidential Election, Republican candidate Barry Goldwater ran against the incumbent, President Lyndon B. Johnson. This election occurred at the height of the Cold War, a war between the U.S. and Soviet Russia which began just after World War II. It was called the Cold War because it did not involve direct combat between U.S. and Soviet forces; instead, each side armed itself heavily in preparation for nuclear warfare.
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In the 1964 Presidential Election, Republican candidate Barry Goldwater ran against the incumbent, President Lyndon B. Johnson. This election occurred at the height of the Cold War, a war between the U.S. and Soviet Russia which began just after World War II. It was called the Cold War because it did not involve direct combat between U.S. and Soviet forces; instead, each side armed itself heavily in preparation for nuclear warfare.
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The Civil Rights Act of 1964
The Civil Rights Act of 1964 outlawed discrimination in the U.S. on the basis of race, color, religion, sex, or national origin. This informational text further discusses the parameters of the Civil Rights Act of 1964, as well as the events leading up to the passing of this law.
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The Civil Rights Act of 1964 outlawed discrimination in the U.S. on the basis of race, color, religion, sex, or national origin. This informational text further discusses the parameters of the Civil Rights Act of 1964, as well as the events leading up to the passing of this law.
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LBJ's "We Shall Overcome" Speech
Lyndon B. Johnson (1908-1973) was the 36th U.S. President and was known for his “Great Society” legislation which included important bills for civil rights, Medicare, Medicaid, and urban development. On March 15, 1965, President Johnson delivered this speech in response to recent events in Selma, Alabama, where civil rights protesters had been brutally beaten on “Bloody Sunday.” His speech inspired the U.S. Congress to pass key legislation that protected voting rights for African Americans.
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Lyndon B. Johnson (1908-1973) was the 36th U.S. President and was known for his “Great Society” legislation which included important bills for civil rights, Medicare, Medicaid, and urban development. On March 15, 1965, President Johnson delivered this speech in response to recent events in Selma, Alabama, where civil rights protesters had been brutally beaten on “Bloody Sunday.” His speech inspired the U.S. Congress to pass key legislation that protected voting rights for African Americans.
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Freedom Summer
J. Patrick Lewis is an American poet and prose writer known for his children's poetry. This poem originally appeared in his 2013 book When Thunder Comes: Poems for Civil Rights Leaders. Freedom Summer was a volunteer campaign launched in Mississippi in June 1964 to register African-American voters. During their volunteer work for Freedom Summer, Andrew Goodman, Michael Schwerner, and James Chaney went missing. In the following poem, Lewis speaks from Chaney's perspective to narrate the events that took place on that day.
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J. Patrick Lewis is an American poet and prose writer known for his children's poetry. This poem originally appeared in his 2013 book When Thunder Comes: Poems for Civil Rights Leaders. Freedom Summer was a volunteer campaign launched in Mississippi in June 1964 to register African-American voters. During their volunteer work for Freedom Summer, Andrew Goodman, Michael Schwerner, and James Chaney went missing. In the following poem, Lewis speaks from Chaney's perspective to narrate the events that took place on that day.
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Muhammad Ali
Muhammad Ali was an American Olympic and professional boxer and social activist. He was a prominent figure in the 1960s Civil Rights Movement, urging African-Americans to resist white domination. In 1966, he famously refused to be drafted to serve in the Vietnam War, citing his religious beliefs and his opposition to American involvement in the war. For this, he was arrested and stripped of his boxing titles. Ali petitioned the U.S. Supreme Court, which overturned his conviction in 1971.
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Muhammad Ali was an American Olympic and professional boxer and social activist. He was a prominent figure in the 1960s Civil Rights Movement, urging African-Americans to resist white domination. In 1966, he famously refused to be drafted to serve in the Vietnam War, citing his religious beliefs and his opposition to American involvement in the war. For this, he was arrested and stripped of his boxing titles. Ali petitioned the U.S. Supreme Court, which overturned his conviction in 1971.
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The Legacy of Cesar Chavez
Cesar Chavez (1927-1993) was an American civil rights leader who was known for his fight for the rights of farm workers. On March 31st, Chavez’s birthday, many states in America celebrate Cesar Chavez Day.
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Cesar Chavez (1927-1993) was an American civil rights leader who was known for his fight for the rights of farm workers. On March 31st, Chavez’s birthday, many states in America celebrate Cesar Chavez Day.
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Si Se Puede!
Cesar Chavez (1927-1993) was a Latin American labor leader and civil rights activist. In this informational text, Maureen Pao discusses Chavez’s influence on workers’ rights and key moments in his life.
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Cesar Chavez (1927-1993) was a Latin American labor leader and civil rights activist. In this informational text, Maureen Pao discusses Chavez’s influence on workers’ rights and key moments in his life.
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Fighting For the Farm Workers
Cesar Chavez (1927-1993) was a Latin American labor leader and civil rights activist. In this informational text, Barbara Bloom discusses Chavez’s activism and how he improved the rights of farm workers.
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Cesar Chavez (1927-1993) was a Latin American labor leader and civil rights activist. In this informational text, Barbara Bloom discusses Chavez’s activism and how he improved the rights of farm workers.
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Cesar Chavez's Speech to California
Cesar Chavez (1927-1993) was a Latin American civil rights activist who strongly advocated nonviolent tactics and unionism in order to make the struggles of Mexican American farm workers a nationwide cause. Chavez, the President of United Farm Workers of America, gave this address to the non-profit, non-partisan educational organization the Commonwealth Club of California on November 9, 1984 in San Francisco.
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Cesar Chavez (1927-1993) was a Latin American civil rights activist who strongly advocated nonviolent tactics and unionism in order to make the struggles of Mexican American farm workers a nationwide cause. Chavez, the President of United Farm Workers of America, gave this address to the non-profit, non-partisan educational organization the Commonwealth Club of California on November 9, 1984 in San Francisco.
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The Ku Klux Klan
The Ku Klux Klan, commonly known as the KKK, is a white supremacy group that promotes the belief that white people are superior to other races. Throughout history, the KKK has used violence and fear against groups or individuals whom they deem inferior.
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The Ku Klux Klan, commonly known as the KKK, is a white supremacy group that promotes the belief that white people are superior to other races. Throughout history, the KKK has used violence and fear against groups or individuals whom they deem inferior.
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Ronald Reagan's "A Time of Choosing" Speech
"A Time for Choosing", also known simply as "The Speech", was presented by Hollywood actor and motivational speaker Ronald Reagan during the 1964 U.S. Presidential Election in favor of Republican candidate Barry Goldwater. The speech raised $1 million for Goldwater’s campaign, and is considered the event that launched Reagan’s political career. Soon afterwards, Reagan was asked to run for Governor of California, and in 1980 he was elected the 40th U.S. President.
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"A Time for Choosing", also known simply as "The Speech", was presented by Hollywood actor and motivational speaker Ronald Reagan during the 1964 U.S. Presidential Election in favor of Republican candidate Barry Goldwater. The speech raised $1 million for Goldwater’s campaign, and is considered the event that launched Reagan’s political career. Soon afterwards, Reagan was asked to run for Governor of California, and in 1980 he was elected the 40th U.S. President.
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LBJ & The Great Society
Lyndon Baines Johnson, commonly called LBJ, was the 36th U.S. President. Johnson is remembered in part for his program titled "Great Society", which included a variety of legislation to improve life in America for people in need. Former Newsweek correspondent Mike Kubic further discusses Johnson's "Great Society" and the effects his legislation had on America.
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Lyndon Baines Johnson, commonly called LBJ, was the 36th U.S. President. Johnson is remembered in part for his program titled "Great Society", which included a variety of legislation to improve life in America for people in need. Former Newsweek correspondent Mike Kubic further discusses Johnson's "Great Society" and the effects his legislation had on America.
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RFK's Speech Following the Death of MLK
Senator Robert F. Kennedy served as U.S. Attorney General from 1961-1964 before becoming a U.S. Senator for New York in 1964. He delivered this speech after the Civil Rights leader Martin Luther King Jr. was assassinated on April 4, 1968. While campaigning for U.S. President two months later, Robert Kennedy was assassinated as well.
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Senator Robert F. Kennedy served as U.S. Attorney General from 1961-1964 before becoming a U.S. Senator for New York in 1964. He delivered this speech after the Civil Rights leader Martin Luther King Jr. was assassinated on April 4, 1968. While campaigning for U.S. President two months later, Robert Kennedy was assassinated as well.
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The Blue-Eyed, Brown-Eyed Exercise
After the assassination of civil rights leader Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr., a third-grade teacher named Jane Elliott led a social experiment to help her students understand the unfair treatment of African-Americans.
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After the assassination of civil rights leader Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr., a third-grade teacher named Jane Elliott led a social experiment to help her students understand the unfair treatment of African-Americans.
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The Vietnam War
The Vietnam War was fought between North Vietnam (supported by the Soviet Union, China, and other communist allies), and the government of South Vietnam (supported by the U.S>, the Philippines, and other anti-communist allies). This informational text provides details about the war.
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The Vietnam War was fought between North Vietnam (supported by the Soviet Union, China, and other communist allies), and the government of South Vietnam (supported by the U.S>, the Philippines, and other anti-communist allies). This informational text provides details about the war.
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Resistance to the Vietnam War
The Vietnam War took place in the East Asian countries of Vietnam, Laos, and Cambodia. The U.S. Government saw its involvement as a way to prevent communism from spreading in the region. The war was very unpopular with Americans citizens, as many believed it was unfair, unnecessary, and unjustifiable. This informational text provides details about the resistance to the war.
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The Vietnam War took place in the East Asian countries of Vietnam, Laos, and Cambodia. The U.S. Government saw its involvement as a way to prevent communism from spreading in the region. The war was very unpopular with Americans citizens, as many believed it was unfair, unnecessary, and unjustifiable. This informational text provides details about the resistance to the war.
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Vietnam and Free Speech: Majority Opinion
In 1965, students at Des Moines schools, including several children of the Tinker family, planned to protest the Vietnam War by wearing black armbands to school. Students were told that if they wore the armbands to school they would be suspended. Despite this warning, the Tinker children and several other students displayed the armbands at school and in response were sent home. What followed was a legal battle that eventually made it to the Supreme Court and protected public school students’ freedom of speech. In this artricle, Fortas discusses the majority opinion of the court.
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In 1965, students at Des Moines schools, including several children of the Tinker family, planned to protest the Vietnam War by wearing black armbands to school. Students were told that if they wore the armbands to school they would be suspended. Despite this warning, the Tinker children and several other students displayed the armbands at school and in response were sent home. What followed was a legal battle that eventually made it to the Supreme Court and protected public school students’ freedom of speech. In this artricle, Fortas discusses the majority opinion of the court.
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Vietnam and Free Speech: Dissenting Opinion
In 1965, students at Des Moines schools, including several children of the Tinker family, planned to protest the Vietnam War by wearing black armbands to school. When the principal found out about this plan, he made a policy that would mean the removal of students who decided to wear the armbands. Students who violated this policy were suspended. What followed was a legal battle that eventually made it to the Supreme Court and protected public school students’ freedom of speech. In the following document, Justice Hugo Black expresses his dissenting opinion.
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In 1965, students at Des Moines schools, including several children of the Tinker family, planned to protest the Vietnam War by wearing black armbands to school. When the principal found out about this plan, he made a policy that would mean the removal of students who decided to wear the armbands. Students who violated this policy were suspended. What followed was a legal battle that eventually made it to the Supreme Court and protected public school students’ freedom of speech. In the following document, Justice Hugo Black expresses his dissenting opinion.
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