Political Society
John Locke (1632-1704) was an English philosopher. His writings influenced American revolutionaries and his ideas are reflected in the United States Declaration of Independence.
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John Locke (1632-1704) was an English philosopher. His writings influenced American revolutionaries and his ideas are reflected in the United States Declaration of Independence.
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Leviathan & The Social Contract
Thomas Hobbes (1588-1679) was an English political philosopher. His 1651 book, Leviathan, established the theory of the "Social Contract", which establishes the idea that man benefits from a common rule of law.
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Thomas Hobbes (1588-1679) was an English political philosopher. His 1651 book, Leviathan, established the theory of the "Social Contract", which establishes the idea that man benefits from a common rule of law.
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Spirit of Laws
Charles-Louis de Secondat, Baron de La Brède et de Montesquieu (1689-1755) was a French lawyer and political philosopher during the Age of Enlightenment. His writing has influenced constitutions around the world with his emphasis on the need for separation of powers in government. In these excerpts from his political work Spirit of Laws, Montesquieu discusses slavery and equality. His country, France, would abolish slavery in all its territory and colonies in 1794.
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Charles-Louis de Secondat, Baron de La Brède et de Montesquieu (1689-1755) was a French lawyer and political philosopher during the Age of Enlightenment. His writing has influenced constitutions around the world with his emphasis on the need for separation of powers in government. In these excerpts from his political work Spirit of Laws, Montesquieu discusses slavery and equality. His country, France, would abolish slavery in all its territory and colonies in 1794.
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A Brit's View of American Independence
This article discusses the ratification of the Declaration of Independence, a historical document written by America's Founding Fathers in 1776 that declared America's freedom from Britain. The article is written from the perspective of a fictional Brit.
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This article discusses the ratification of the Declaration of Independence, a historical document written by America's Founding Fathers in 1776 that declared America's freedom from Britain. The article is written from the perspective of a fictional Brit.
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Why Americans Are So Restless
Alexis de Tocqueville (1805-1859) was a French diplomat, political scientist, and historian. Tocqueville is best known for Democracy in America, which was published in two volumes in 1835 and 1840. In the following excerpt from the book, Tocqueville discusses the effectiveness of America's democracy.
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Alexis de Tocqueville (1805-1859) was a French diplomat, political scientist, and historian. Tocqueville is best known for Democracy in America, which was published in two volumes in 1835 and 1840. In the following excerpt from the book, Tocqueville discusses the effectiveness of America's democracy.
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The Reign of Terror
The French Revolution was a time of drastic social and political change in France that lasted from 1789-1799. During the Revolution, a period known as the Reign of Terror took place from 1793-1794. This article discusses what contributed to the Reign of Terror and how it impacted France.
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The French Revolution was a time of drastic social and political change in France that lasted from 1789-1799. During the Revolution, a period known as the Reign of Terror took place from 1793-1794. This article discusses what contributed to the Reign of Terror and how it impacted France.
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Napoleon Bonaparte
In the turmoil following the French Revolution, a low-ranking noble and military general rose to power, eventually becoming a major figure in early modern European history. This article discusses the life and legacy of Napoleon Bonaparte, the French dictator and emperor.
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In the turmoil following the French Revolution, a low-ranking noble and military general rose to power, eventually becoming a major figure in early modern European history. This article discusses the life and legacy of Napoleon Bonaparte, the French dictator and emperor.
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How Haiti Saved the United States
In the late 18th Century, Toussaint L’Ouverture (1743-1803) led a slave uprising, also known as the Haitian Revolution, that liberated the former French colony and created the Republic of Haiti.
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In the late 18th Century, Toussaint L’Ouverture (1743-1803) led a slave uprising, also known as the Haitian Revolution, that liberated the former French colony and created the Republic of Haiti.
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Our America
José Martí (1853-1895) was a poet, essayist, journalist, and political theorist who wrote about the newly independent nations that arose as a result of the Latin American Wars of Independence in the late 18th and early 19th centuries. He is considered a Cuban national hero and an important figure in Latin American literature. In this excerpt from Martí's essay "Our America", he discusses the evolution of leadership in Latin American countries and his hopes for the future. Written originally in Spanish, the essay uses the word "America" to refer to all of the Latin American nations.
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José Martí (1853-1895) was a poet, essayist, journalist, and political theorist who wrote about the newly independent nations that arose as a result of the Latin American Wars of Independence in the late 18th and early 19th centuries. He is considered a Cuban national hero and an important figure in Latin American literature. In this excerpt from Martí's essay "Our America", he discusses the evolution of leadership in Latin American countries and his hopes for the future. Written originally in Spanish, the essay uses the word "America" to refer to all of the Latin American nations.
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The Russian Revolution
In 1917, the nation of Russia erupted in a fervor of revolution. This was not the first revolution it had seen in the 20th century, nor would it be the last, but it certainly proved to be the most transforming. The Russian ruling class was overthrown and replaced with a Communist state led by revolutionary Vladimir Lenin.
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In 1917, the nation of Russia erupted in a fervor of revolution. This was not the first revolution it had seen in the 20th century, nor would it be the last, but it certainly proved to be the most transforming. The Russian ruling class was overthrown and replaced with a Communist state led by revolutionary Vladimir Lenin.
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The Rise and Fall of Karl Marx
This article discusses the life and contributions of Karl Marx, a German philosopher, economist, and revolutionary socialist. Marx's theories regarding society, economics, and politics became known as "Marxism", and continue to be influential today.
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This article discusses the life and contributions of Karl Marx, a German philosopher, economist, and revolutionary socialist. Marx's theories regarding society, economics, and politics became known as "Marxism", and continue to be influential today.
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Nicholas II: Russia's Last Czar
In 1894, Nicholas II took to the throne as Emperor of All Russia. Less than 25 years later, he would be deposed of power, placed under house arrest, and murdered, along with his entire family, in a basement in central Russia.
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In 1894, Nicholas II took to the throne as Emperor of All Russia. Less than 25 years later, he would be deposed of power, placed under house arrest, and murdered, along with his entire family, in a basement in central Russia.
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The Workmen's Petition to Czar Nicholas II
In this petition, priest George Gapon describes life for workmen in 1905 to Czar Nicholas II, the leader of Russia from 1894-1917. The petition was signed by 135,000 workmen and outlined some of the problems they identified with working and living under the Czar's regime. On their way to deliver the petition in a peaceful demonstration, participants were shot in a massacre that would become known as "Blood Sunday".
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In this petition, priest George Gapon describes life for workmen in 1905 to Czar Nicholas II, the leader of Russia from 1894-1917. The petition was signed by 135,000 workmen and outlined some of the problems they identified with working and living under the Czar's regime. On their way to deliver the petition in a peaceful demonstration, participants were shot in a massacre that would become known as "Blood Sunday".
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Rasputin: Mysteries of a Monk's Life & Death
After three centuries of rule, the Romanov Dynasty in Russia collapsed in 1917. Among the many stories that arose out of this turbulent time, few are as intriguing or haunting as the accounts surrounding one historical figure: Rasputin.
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After three centuries of rule, the Romanov Dynasty in Russia collapsed in 1917. Among the many stories that arose out of this turbulent time, few are as intriguing or haunting as the accounts surrounding one historical figure: Rasputin.
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